Effectiveness of interventions to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding thalassemia prevention among women aged 15–49 in Cao Bang province in 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions in improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding thalassemia prevention among women aged 15–49 in Cao Bang Province.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was conducted from August 2023 to December 2024 with 531 women (265 in study group and 266 in control group). The intervention consisted of training for health staff, health education for women, individual counseling, workshops, and provision of educational materials.

Results: Before the intervention, the proportions of women with adequate knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the study group were 55.1%, 49.8%, and 19.2%, respectively. After the intervention, mean knowledge and attitude scores increased from 10.2 ± 4.8 to 12.9 ± 5.2 and from 3.5 ± 1.8 to 5.3 ± 1.6, with corresponding increases in adequate knowledge (70.6%) and correct attitudes (88.3%). Preventive practice scores improved among both women planning and not planning pregnancy, and the proportion with adequate practices increased to 37.4%. The highest intervention effectiveness index was observed for practices (94.8), followed by attitudes (77.31) and knowledge (21.13) (p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed in the control group (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: The intervention was effective in improving knowledge, attitude, and practice, and thus, primary healthcare services may refer to this approach for Thalassemia prevention among women of reproductive age

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